After 500 Posts - The State of Africa Jihad

Noticing that this is the 500th post into the Shimron letters, I wanted to summarize our conclusions to date.

The letters were originally begun when we noticed a deliberate, careful, generational strategy underway for the Islamization of Africa. That, in itself, is not new. What is of concern is that a salafi emphasis on Jihad as-sayf (Jihad of the Sword) against the visible enemy in Africa. The visible enemy appears to be any non-Salafi form of Islam. It become clear that a multi-phase approach was underway, then we came across al Qaeda's 7 Phased plan ( this post keeps disappearing off the site- look in the German newspaper Der Spiegel for the original if it disappears again) This reconciled what we had observed in Africa.

Since then the plan has progressed less successfully than they had hoped, but the plan is still underway.

In essence there are three categories into which the 53 African Countries Fall:

1. Islamic or Secular Islamic Countries
2. Countries in transition (Moving one way or the other)
3. Christian or native religion dominated Countries

Salafist - Islamists who are working in the various stages of persuasion have different tactics underway for each type of country:

In Islamic or Kafir Secular Islamic Countries, Saudi Arabia, Libya or Egypt often funds Dawahs to direct local Muslim Associations onto the correct path, using economic incentives. They look for the most promising students to send to Schools for further radicalization, or to recruit as fighters in Foreign Jihads.
(for example - Sudan, Somalia, Algeria, Morocco, Niger, Tunisia, Northern Nigeria, Eritrea)

Countries in Transition
Saudi Arabia, Libya or Egypt often funds Muslim candidates and supports political movements which are calling for the removal of resiting laws to be replaced with Sharia law. (12 Northern Nigerian districts have already succumbed to this effort). Dawahs focused toward radicalization is intensified.

(for example - Nigeria, Sierra Leon, Ivory Coast, Benin, Liberia, Southern Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo and DR Congo, CAR., Possibly Coastal Tanzania, Eritrea)

An emerging tactic in Kafir Islamic and in Transitional Countries is to provide support to local Islamic Rebel Groups, without a multi-national agenda, to lure them into a Next-Caliphate Islamist Agenda, or to recruit away their best fighters. (Algeria, Chad, Western -Sahara, Mozambique, Angola)

Christian or native religion-dominated Countries

Again, Saudi Arabia, Libya or Egypt teachers, business people, and Muslim Aid agencies come in, especially to the poorer tribes and proselytize peeling away whole tribes based on natural tribal or ethnic differences. Significant Zakat and Sadaqa fund raising efforts become based in these countries, because these countries often seem to have much more money than Islamic countries.

(for example - South Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Malawi, Zambia, Kenya, Western Tanzania)

Since we have been watching, Liberia, the Congos, and CAR have fallen from Christian to Transitional, Ethiopia has become more isolated, and Kenya is in danger.

I acknowledge that the Situaion is not as simple as this. This situation has been overlaid by US, Russia, and Chinese battles for influence in Africa. Their blundering Jingoism-laced efforts often work against their own interests, as they demonstrate an awesome lack of understanding of the local African and Isalmist dynamic.

In Short, there is an imperialistic war being waged in Africa by Arabs, Europeans, Americans, Chinese, and even Indians, and no one seems to notice the African Jihad underway.

What I expect to see next, Is Western, especially Americanand Brittish Embassys and businesses as well as United Nations entities, to come under physcial attack, conducted by local Islamic groups, radicalized by Arabs, funded by Chinese oil money, using weapons purchased from the Russians (or Belorus). It is Already happening in Sudan, Somalia and Chad.

-Shimron

Alms for Jihad

Alms for Jihad
by
Charity and Terrorism in the Islamic World

J. Millard Burr
Robert O. Collins

Provide a list of people and NGOs

Abbadi, Shafiq Abbas, Prime Minister Mahmoud 232
Abd al-Aziz bin Abd al-Rahman al-Saud, King (Ibn Saud) 58, 60, 65
Abd Allahi, Khalifa 17
Abdalla, Dr. Hassan Osman 107
Abdallah, Dr. Said 114
Abd al-Dahab, Khaled 270
Abd al-Quddus 119
Abd al-Rahman, Shaykh Omar Ahmad Ali 89, 91–92, 117, 119, 141, 190, 267, 270, 279
al-Abdin, Al Tayib Zein 139
Abduh, Muhammad 4, 78
Abdullah, Abdailah Kamil 191
Abdullah bin Abd al-Aziz, Prince (now King) 29, 36, 41, 216, 231, 232
Abdullah bin Abd al-Muhsin al-Turki, Prince 34
Abdulrahim, Abudhamid 276
Abdul Basit Karim: see Yousef, Ramzi
Abedia, Agha Hasan 66
Abouhalima, Mahmoud 99–100
Abu Ali Group 110
Abu Bakar, Shukri 219, 272, 273, 276
Abu Bakr 203
Abu Barra: see Khalifa, Muhammad Jamal
Abu Dahdeh 259
Abu Hasan al-Madani: see Julaidan, Wael Hamza
Abu al-Kanadi: see Khadr, Ahmed Said
Abu Khattab 33
Abu Lubaba 102
Abu Mahmoud al-Suri: see Arnaout, Enaam M.
Abu Nasir, Sayed 36
Abu Omar (Ahmad al-Hamwi) 189
Abu Qutada (Omar Mahmud Othman) 259
Abu Salih, Colonel Faisal Ali 113
Abu Samad: see Bashir, Abu Bakar
Abu Sayyaf (Abdul Rab Rasul Sayyaf) 79, 81, 82, 83, 192
Abu Sayyaf (Shaykh Fathi) 176
Abu Sayyaf Group 184–185, 188, 190, 191–197
Abu Seif (Abu Omar Mohammed al-Seif) 39
Abu Walid 178
Abu Zubayda 99
Active Islamic Youth 149
Adam, Ahmad Sheik 128
Adhijo, Ahmadou 107
al-Adnani, Shaykh Tamim 89
Adolat (Equity) Movement (Uzbekistan) 166
Afghan Support Committee 147
al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din 4, 78
Afghanistan beginnings 77–104, 300
Afghan charities 103
Al Kifah 89
Al Qaeda 77–81
Ayman al-Zawahiri 89–91
Balkans and 133–137
Emir of Jihad 83–86
foot-soldiers 96–100
Osama bin Laden and MAK 87–88
Pakistan and Al Rashid Trust 101–104
peripatetic mujahideen 92–96
Qutb 81–83
Shaykh Omar Abd al-Rahman 91–92
Wael Hamza Julaidan and Rabita Trust 100–101
Afghanistan Rescue Effort 271
Africa Confidential 123
Africa Help 98
African Muslim Agency 281, 282
Agency for Information and Documentation (Bosnia) 141
Agency for International Development (AID) (US) 196, 275
Ahmad, Babar 258
Ahmad, Dr. Israr 249
Ahmad, Maulana Mufti Rasheed 102
Ahmadiyya Muslim Association 261
Ahmed, Senator Qazi Hussain 249
Ahmer, Suleman 46
AIAI (Al Itihad al-Islamiyya) 40
Aid Organization of the Ulama 101, 103
see also Al Rashid Trust
Aideed, General Muhammad Farah 124, 125, 126
Ajaj, Ahmad 99–100, 190
al-Ajuz, Shaykh Ahmad 233
Akhtar, Qari Saifullah 102, 301
Akhwan-ul-Muslimen (Afghanistan) 82
Akida Bank Private Ltd. 70, 71, 283
Akromaya 167
Al Akhtar Trust 101, 103, 249
Al Ansar (journal) 259
Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigade 226
Al Aqsa Foundation 221, 222, 224, 226, 229, 230, 231, 232, 241, 253, 256, 275, 281
Al Aqsa Foundation (South Africa) 44
Al Aqsa Fund 216
Al Aqsa International Foundation (AAIF) 242
Al Aqsa Intifada 225, 226, 236
Al Aqsa Islamic Bank 68, 221
Al Awda (Palestine Right to Return Coalition) 244
Al Baraka Bank 109, 179
Al Baraka Exchange 68
Al Baraka Group 62, 63, 107
Al Baraka Investment and Development Company (BIDC) 68, 179
Al Barakaat Bank 40, 74
Al-Da‘wa 17
Al Ehsan charity 271
Al Farouq Mosque (Brooklyn) 89, 98, 100, 242, 270
Al Fatah (Palestinian National Liberation Movement) 212, 226, 227
Al Fatiha Foundation 188
Al Furkan Islamic Heritage Foundation 257
Al Furqan Mosque (Eindhoven) 252
Al Haramain Islamic Foundation (AHIF, Al Haramain Foundation) 38–41, 146, 148, 154–155, 174, 177, 179, 202, 210, 222, 228, 237, 248, 253, 258, 265, 270, 284
Al Haramain wa al-Masjed al-Aqsa 123, 154–155
Al Imam al-Shafi‘i Center 191
Al Islamiyya Revolutionary Tabiligh 189
Al Jamiya al-Islamiyya 232
Al Jihad (magazine) 32, 89
Al Khilafah Publications 260
Al Kifah 89, 238, 249, 268, 269–271
Al Muhajiroun (AM) 260, 262
Al Mustazafin Fund 234
Al Muwafaq Brigade 137, 145
Al Nahda (Tunisia) 70, 245
Al Nour Charity Association 232
Al Nur Islamic Information office 256
Al Nur Mosque (Berlin) 237, 240
Al Qaeda 3, 25, 26, 32, 37, 39, 44, 47, 50, 55, 56, 57, 74–75, 78, 77–81, 94, 97, 99, 106, 125–126, 127–128, 149, 151, 154, 163, 167, 175, 177, 179, 180, 183–184, 187, 189, 190, 192, 193, 195, 198, 199, 200, 202, 209–210, 229, 238, 240, 241, 242, 244, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 254, 255, 256, 259, 262, 268, 269, 276–277, 278, 280
see also Golden Chain
Al Qaeda al-Askariya 87
Al Quds Brigades 215, 217, 227
Al Quds Fund 215, 216, 229
Intifada and 226, 227, 230
Al Quds Press 220
Al Quds al-Sharif 215
Al Rajhi Bank 65, 67, 121
Al Rajhi Banking and Investment Corporation 35, 45, 52, 56, 65–66, 227, 280
Al Rajhi Company for Industry and Trade 66
Al Rashid Trust 101–104, 249, 301
see also Aid Organization of the Ulama
Al Riad Foundation 174
Al Risala (HAMAS weekly) 223
Al Riyadh Bank 45, 51, 228
Al Sabah, Shaykh Jaber al-Ahmed 179
Al Salah Association 231, 232
Al Shahid Fund 234
Al Shamal Islamic Bank 52, 94, 107, 109, 121
Osama bin Laden and 109, 110
Al Taqwa Management Organization 69
Al Tawhid Mosque and Foundation 253
Al Wafa Humanitarian Foundation 26, 43–45, 229, 230
Al Wafa Rehabilitation and Health Center 44, 229
Al Wafa Scrap Copper Recycling Company 44
Al Wafa Women’s Charity Association 44, 228
Al Waqf Al Islami Foundation 252, 253
al-Alami, Imad 222
Alamoudi, Abd al-Rahman 274
Albania 146–149
Albright, Madeleine 150
Albuthi, Suliman: see al-Buthe, Soliman
Alehssan Society 236
al-Alfy, Hassan 103
Algeria 248–251
Algerian Relief Foundation 271
Algerian Relief Fund 271
Al-Hijra Construction Company 94
Ali ibn Abi Talib 13, 14
Ali, Sharif Husayn bin 58
al-Ali, Suliman 153, 282–283
Ali, Siddiq Ibrahim Siddiq 99
Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) 128
‘al-Masada’ mujahideen camp 46
Al-Nasr International (charity) 142, 265
Al-Watan (The Nation) 50
Amana Mutual Funds Trust 281
Amanah Bank 193
American Muslim Coalition 267
American Muslim Council 274
“Amin” (Yemeni businessman) 184
Anati, Rahman 219, 274
Andang, Ghalib: see Commander Robot
ANZ International 62
Aodouni, Mehrez 305
al-Aqeel, Aqeel: see al-Uqayl, Shaykh Uqayl bin Abdul Aziz
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA) 106, 107
Arab Bank Ltd. 214, 228
Arab Commercial Bank 62
Arab Human Rights Committee 49
Arab Islamic Bank 63
Arab League 90, 107, 223
Arab News 46
Arab People’s Bank 62
Arab Socialism 212
Arab-Albanian Bank 148
Arab–European League (AEL) 253, 255
Arab–Israeli wars 34, 60, 215, 233
Arafat, Dr. Fathi 233
Arafat, Suha 223
Arafat 4, 118, 212–213, 215, 218, 223–224, 225, 226, 233, 250, 251
Arakan Liberation Front 119
Aramco 66
al-Arian, Sami 278, 279, 281
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) 194, 196
Armed Islamic Group (GIA) 79, 120
Algeria 70, 187, 244, 245, 251
Europe and 238, 258, 259
Armed Islamist International 118
Armitage, Deputy Secretary of State Richard 50
Arnaout, Enaam M. (Abu Mahmoud al-Suri)
North America and 267, 268, 276, 277
Saudi Arabia and 46, 47
Arroyo, President Gloria 195
Asat Trust 245
Asia: see Russia and Central Asia; Southeast Asia
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 55, 199, 210
Association de Secours Palestinien (ASP) 221
Association des Alpes Mari 247
Association des Musulmans de la Gironde 247
Association of Islamic Banks 62
Association of Islamic Charitable Projects 233
Association of Preaching Islam 208
ATF (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms) 9
Atta, Mohamed 53, 202, 241
Attiya, Shawki Salama 147
Australia 29, 198, 203, 222, 240
Austria 31, 62, 69, 136, 137, 141
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) 187, 194
Awami League 206, 208
al-Awda, Shaykh Abd al-Aziz 216
awqaf: see waqf
Ayadi, Chafiq 122, 252
Ayatollah Khomeini Society 146
Azam, Professor Golam 207, 208
Azerbaijan 39, 156, 159, 179, 180
Transcaucasia and 173, 174
Azerbaijan Islam Party (AIP) 173
Azhar, Maulana Masood 102
Aziz, Abdul 44, 45, 229
Aziz, Abu Abdul 134
Azzam, Dr. Abdullah Yusuf 32, 34, 35, 59, 83–86, 87–88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 100, 112
foot-soldiers and 96, 97, 98
Journey of Maktab Khadamat al-Mujahidin 32
North America and 267, 268, 270, 276
SARKS and 32
Azzam, Mahfouz 90
Badakhshan Province (Afghanistan) 81, 163
Badri, Dr. Gasim 18
Bahamas 25, 245
banks and 55, 62, 65, 71
Dallah Al Baraka 68, 69, 70, 71
Bahjat, Saad Khalil Al 110
Bahrain 16, 44, 196, 224, 231, 271
banks and 59, 62, 63, 64, 65
Bahzfulla, Hassan 283
Bakre, Hassan Mustafa 196
Bakri, Abdel Qader 100
Baksh, Taha 110
Baku 39, 120, 158, 173, 174
Bali 203, 205, 206
Balkans 131–155
Afghanistan in Bosnia 133–137
after 9/11 153–155
Muwafaq Brigade 137
Albanian imbroglio 146–149
Bosnian aftermath 143–146
Kosovo war 149–153
Third World Relief Agency 140–143
Bangkok 199, 205
Bangladesh 16, 36, 39, 101, 205, 206–210
banks and 62, 64, 66
Bangladesh National Party (BNP) 209
“Bangladesh Taliban” 209
Bangsamoro Youth League (BYL) 190
Bank Al Taqwa 25, 65, 68–71, 244, 283
Holy Land and 219, 220
Bank of Almusia 110
Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) 66, 67, 85
Bank of England 63
Bank of Hindustan 71
Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad 64
Bank Leumi 223
banks 51–76
American banking 67
investigating 53–57
Islamic banking 61–65
Saudi banking 57–61
Sudan banking 106–109
al-Banna, Shaykh Hasan 6, 33, 80, 81, 159, 246
banks and 59, 61
Banque Al Saoudi 110
Banque de France 110
Banque Française pour l’Orient 110
Banque Indosuez 110
Banuri, Maulana Yusuf 101, 102
Barclays Bank PLC 52, 55, 261
Bari, Siraj al-Din Abdel 122, 123
Baring Brothers 59
Barre, President Mohamed Siad 124
Barzinji, Jamal 280, 281, 283
Basayev, Shamil 177, 178, 179, 181
Bashir, Abu Bakar (Abu Samad) 198, 200, 201, 203
al-Bashir, President Omar Hassan Ahmad 3, 18, 94
Balkans and 139, 140
Sudan and 113, 115, 117
Basilan 184, 185
Abu Sayyaf and 192, 193, 194, 195, 196
Basle Committee on Banking Supervision 55
Batargy (Battargee), Shaykh Adil Galil Abdul 45, 46, 114, 267
bay‘a (oath of loyalty) 79, 98
Bayazid, Mohammed Loay 46, 47, 190, 268
Bayt al-Ashuhada (House of the Martyrs) 84, 97, 99
Baz, Grand Mufti Shaykh Abdul Aziz bin 88
Bearden, Milton 87
Beghal, Jamal 99
Beirut 214, 220, 230, 233, 234, 235
Belgium, Denmark and 251–256
Benouis, Abdelkader 247
Berisha, President Sali 146, 148, 150
Bermuda Trading Company 184
Bhutto, Prime Minister Benazir 96
BIC (Benevolence International Corporation) 45, 46, 188, 189
BIF (Benevolence International Foundation) 45–47
BIF (Bosanska Idealna Futura) 46, 51
9/11 and 154
Bosnia and 144, 145, 146
Biheiri, Soliman 282, 283
Holy Land and 219
Bin Laden, Abdullah 42, 267
Bin Laden, Ghalib Mohammed 70
Bin Laden, Haydar Mohamed 65
Bin Laden, Huta 70
Bin Laden, Iman 70
Bin Laden, Osama 32, 34–35, 47, 51, 55, 56, 57, 59, 87–88, 93–95, 97, 100, 109–110, 127, 128, 148, 154, 167, 177, 180, 183–184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 197, 198, 201, 208, 209, 239, 242, 243, 245, 250, 258–259, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 277, 278, 284
UN and 55
Bin Laden, Salem 110
Bin Laden, Tariq 161
Bin Laden family 65, 66, 67, 69, 244
Bin Laden Group 161, 197
Bin Mahfouz, Abdul Rahman 122
Bin Mahfouz, Khaled 138, 240, 259, 281, 282
banks and 66, 67
Sudan 107, 110, 114, 123
al-Qadi and 121, 122, 123
Bin Mahfouz, Rais 122
Bin Mahfouz, Salim Ahmad 60, 66
Birlik (Uzbek political party) 165
Blackwell Publishers 123
Blessed Relief Foundation 179
BMI bank 219, 282, 283
Bodansky, Yossef 139
Bogshan, Salam Ahmed 110
Bosnia-Herzegovina 131, 132, 133–137, 138, 143–146, 225
American Relief Fund 142
UN Mission 142
Boubakeur, Dalil 246
Bouyeri, Muhammad 254
Bouziane, Abdelkader 248
Brisard, Jean-Charles 57
Brooklyn 117, 270, 279
Afghanistan and 89, 92, 98, 99
Europe and 242, 243
Brown, Gordon 259
Bulgaria 137, 252
Bush, President George W. 8, 10, 44, 199, 264, 267
Holy Land and 230, 231
Bushra, Issa 116
al-Buthe, Soliman 41, 270
CA Bankverein 69
CAIR (Council of American–Islamic Relations) 34, 264, 272, 274
Callen, Michael 67
Camp David Israeli–Palestinian negotiations 226
Campione d’Italia 69, 71, 244
Canada 276–278
Canada Customs and Revenue Agency 278
Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) 97, 276, 277
Canadian War Crimes Unit 277
Capital Investment Management Corporation 223
Capital Trust Bank 67
CARE (Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere) 126, 212, 265
Care International, Inc. 265
Cengic, Mufti Hassan 140, 141
Center for International Policy Studies 42
Center for Muslim Studies 277
Center for Research and Revival of Islamic Heritage (Saudi Arabia) 147
Central Bank of Khartoum 109
Central Mosque (London) 237
Central Spiritual Management of the Muslims of Russia 181
Chagyrush Society 174
Chamber of Zakat and Taxes (Sudan) 18
Charitable Society for Social Welfare (CSSW) 243
Charity Coalition 224, 225, 231
Charity Commission for England and Wales 221, 256, 258, 259
Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic 156, 175
Chechen–Ingush Society of the USA 271
Chechnya 175–180
Chehade, Muhammad 268–269
Cheppih, Ahmed 252
Cheppih, Muhammad 252, 253
Child Development Foundation 283
China 47, 156, 158, 172
Chirac, President Jaques 250, 251
Chirkeisk, Said 178
Chrétien, Prime Minister Jean 277
Christian Democrats (Netherlands) 254
Citibank 62, 67
Clark, Janine A. 13
Clinton, President Bill 22, 47, 183, 265, 266, 284
Balkans and 142
Holy Land Fund for Relief and Development (HLF) 273, 274, 275
Comité de Bienfaisance et de Secours aux Palestiniens (CBSP) 221, 248, 250
Commander Robot (Ghalib Andang) 195, 196
Commission on National Security/21st Century (USA) 274
Commission on Scientific Signs in the Quran 97
Committee for Aid to Orphans and Prisoners 224
Committee for Assistance and Solidarity with Palestine 224
Committee for Charity (Qatar) 179
Committee for the Defense of Legitimate Rights 258
Committee on Religious Affairs (Kyrgyzstan) 171
Committee for Support of the Al Quds Intifada 227, 230
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 161, 162, 180
Communist Party (Afghanistan) 82
Communist Party (Uzbekistan) 165
Congressional Task Force on Terrorism and Unconventional Warfare (USA) 232
Conseil de Reflexion sur l’Islam de France (CORIF) 246
Conseil Française du Culte Musulman (CFCM) 246, 248
Cordesman, Dr. Anthony 29
Corriere della Serra 219, 243
Council of Foreign Relations 44, 230
Council of Guardians (Iran) 136
Council for International People’s Friendship (CIPF) 126, 139
counterterrorism 55, 210, 262, 275
Croatia 122, 132, 141, 150, 238
Bosnia and 134, 135, 144
Saudi Arabia and 36, 39, 40
Cromer, Lord Evelyn Baring 59
al-Dabbas, Dabbas 41
Dafalla, Dr. al-Juzuli 114
Dagestan 39, 120, 158, 161
Chechnya and 178, 179
lost opportunities and 180
Dagestan–Georgia–Chechnya tri-point 175
al-Dahab,General Siwar Abd al-Rahman Muhammad 113, 115
Dallah Al Baraka Bank 64, 85
Dallah Al Baraka Exchange LLC 74
Dallah Al Baraka Group 56, 68–71, 109, 174, 221
Dallah Works and Maintenance Corporation 68
Dam, Kenneth 9
Damra, Fawaz 279
Dar Al Hijrah Mosque (Falls Church) 263
Dar al-Mal al-Islami Bank 64, 85
Dar al-Mal al-Islami Investment Corporation (DMI) 108, 129
Dar al-Mal al-Islami Trust 64–65
Dar ul-Hijra Foundation 188, 189, 192
Dar ul-Islam 200
al-Daraan, Abd al-Latif bin Abd al-Karim 39
Darkazanli, Mamoun 241
Darul Arqan movement 197
Darul Istiqamah al Haramain 204
Darul-Iman Charitable Association 23
da‘wa (establishing Islam) 6, 129, 152, 157, 232
Afghanistan and 85, 92
Europe and 237, 239
Saudi Arabia and 39, 42, 46
Southeast Asia and 188, 200
Da‘wa Committee, National 260
Da‘wa Program, Comprehensive (Sudan) 114
Dayton Peace Accords 143, 144, 145, 150, 177
de Villepin, Dominique 248
Deeb, Mustafa Hashim al-Shaykh 230
Defense of Islamic Countries as an Inherent Duty 88
Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) 149
Denmark 36, 95, 137, 222, 251–256
Dharb-i-mumin 103
al-Din, Shaykh Iz 136
Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire 246
Diyanet Isleri Turk Islam Birligi 238
Djeranskyi, Maghomed 178
Dostum, Abdul Rashid 157
Dresdner Kleinwort Benson 62
Dubai 45, 55, 56, 68, 74, 75, 137, 184
banks and 55, 56, 68, 74, 75
Dubai Al Barakaat Bank 74
Dubai Islamic Bank 56, 62, 64
al-Dubayan, Ahmad 237–238
Dudayev, President Dzhokar (Chechnya) 120, 176, 177
Durrani, General Asad 238
Dushanbe 160, 162, 163
Dwikarna, Agus 202
East Africa 36, 113, 125, 127–128, 283
East Bengal Legislative Assembly 206
East Pakistan 206, 207
Eastern European Muslim Youth 146
Ebrahim, al-Hajj Murad 196
Educational Policy (Saudi Arabia), Higher Committee for 24
Effendi, Ibrahim 121
Egypt, zakat and 16–17
Egyptian nationalists 90
Ehrenfeld, Rachel 123–127
EIJ (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) 208
Afghanistan and 79, 85, 89, 92, 95, 96
al-Zawahiri 90, 91
Balkans and 142, 145
Albania 147, 148, 149
North America and 266, 270, 276, 279
Russia and 180
Saudi Arabia and 32, 36, 37, 47
see also Jama‘at al-Islamiyya
Eindhoven 252
El Banna, Dr. Hany 258
El Moujahed (Al Mujahideen) 138
Elashi, Ghassan 272, 273, 276
Elbarasse, Ismael 272
Elshayyal, Dr. Farid 42
El-Shifa pharmaceutical plant 67
Emdad Committee for Islamic Charity 234
Emerson, Steven 279
Jihad in America 279
Emir of Jihad: see Azzam, Dr. Abdullah Yusuf
Eritrea 112, 122, 271, 278
Erk (Uzbek political party) 165
Ershad, General H. M. 207
Erste Bank Österreich (First Austrian Bank) 140, 141, 143
Ethiopia 40, 69, 147, 244, 257
Sudan and 112, 125
al-Qadi 122, 123
Europe
Eastern 43, 111, 141, 153
Muslims in 239–240
Algeria and Palestine 248–251
France 245
Germany 240–242
Italy 242–245
Netherlands, Belgium, and Denmark 251–256
United Kingdom 256–259
Finsbury Park Mosque 260–262
European Council for Fatwa and Research 24
European Union (EU) 53, 54, 56, 214, 222, 223, 232
Executive Commission for Belgian Muslims 254, 256
External Security Organization 277
Eye to Eye 257
al-Fadl, Jamal Ahmed 98, 99
Fadlallah, Shaykh Muhammad Hussein 234, 235
Al Islam wa Mantaq al-Quwa (Islam and the Logic of Force) 234
al-Fagih, Dr. Saad 87
Fahd bin Abd al-Aziz, King 23, 66, 133, 216
Holy Land and 212, 216, 227, 230, 231
Saudi Arabia and 29, 34, 36
Faisal, King 19, 29, 65, 242
Faisal bin Abd al-Aziz, Prince 121, 129
banks and 60
Faisal Financial SA 64
Faisal Islamic Bank 64, 94, 110, 121
Sudanese practice and 107, 108, 109
Fakihi, Muhammad Jaber 237, 238, 239, 240
al-Falastini, Shaykh Taqiuddine an-Nabhani 159, 160
Falls Church 24, 142, 263, 280, 283
Families United to Bankrupt Terrorism, 9/11 57
Farrakhan, Louis 119
al-Faruq, Omar 202, 210
al-Faruqi, Ismail 280
Fathi, Shaykh: see Abu Sayyaf
fatwa 40, 102, 140, 208, 258
Afghanistan and 91, 92, 102
Russia and 167, 179
Faubourg Saint-Denis Mosque 247
al-Fawaz, Khaled 258
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)
banks and 52, 54, 71, 268
Holy Land Fund for Relief and Development (HLF) 273, 274, 275
investigating charities and 266
SAAR Foundation and 280, 281, 283
WISE and 279
Federation of Muslim Student Leaders 189
Felastine al-Muslemah 99
Fi Sabilillah 192, 195
Fifth International Conference on Zakat 15
Financial Action Task Force (FATF) 49, 54–55, 57
Financing of Terrorism, International Convention for the Suppression of (UN) 54
Finsbury Park Mosque 152, 260–262
Fiqh Council of North America 283
First Conference of Jihad 89
FIS (Islamic Salvation Front) (Algeria) 70, 94, 143, 247
Sudan and 120
Fisk, Robert 137
Fortuyn, Pym 253, 254
Forum Komunikasi Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama‘ah (Sunni Communication Forum) (FKAWJ) 201
Foundation for Chechnya 39, 174, 179
Foundation Secours Mondial (FSM) 255
France 245, 248–251
Friends of Charities Association (FOCA) 270
From Dawa to Jihad (AIVD report) 254
FTATC (Foreign Terrorist Asset Tracking Center) 9–10
Funds Beyond Frontiers Foundation 253
al-Gannushi, Rashid 4, 117
Gaza Strip 9, 23, 99, 211, 212, 221, 229, 232, 236
Arafat’s corruption and 223, 224, 225
charities and 214, 215
Europe and 248, 257
HAMAS and 216, 217, 218, 219
Intifada and 225, 226, 228
North America and 271, 273, 274
Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) and 212, 213
Saudi Arabia and 37, 44
Geneva Convention 31, 228
Geneva Organisation du Crime Organisé 245
Genoud, François 62
Georgia 39, 159, 174–175, 281
Germany 240–242
al-Ghozi, Fathur Rohman 195, 198, 202
Ghrewati, Baha Eldin 245
Gilan, Shaykh Mubarik Ali 267
Giro Credit 55, 110
Golden Chain 52, 51–53, 100, 145, 252
Gorbachev, President Mikhail 162, 176
Green Party (Germany) 240
GRF (Global Relief Foundation) 210, 255, 265, 267–269
Group of Twenty 55
Gufron, Perjalanan Ali (Mukhlas) 203
Gul, General Hamid 82
Gulf and African Chamber 244
Gulf Center SRL 245
Gulf Cooperation Council 61
Habib, Aadil 98
Haddad, Rabih Sami 255, 268, 269
Hadith (sayings of the Prophet) 11, 14, 58
al-Hady, Muhammad al-Bashir Muhammad 109
al-Hage, Wadih 94, 98, 128, 241, 269
hajj pilgrimage 27, 58, 158, 185
al-Halwagy, Professor Abdul Satar Abdul-Haq 130
Hamadabi, Ahmad Abd al-Rahman 119
HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement) 70, 216–221, 229–233, 245, 251, 253, 262, 266, 267, 271–274, 275, 280, 281
Al Majd 218
Hambali (Riduan Isamuddin) 195, 197, 198, 205
Indonesia and 200, 203
Malaysia and 195, 197, 198, 199
Hamdan, Usama 223
Hamdi, Abdel Rahim 109
Hamdi, Tarik 281
al-Hamiani, Hallal Ahmed 249
al-Hamwi, Ahmad: see Abu Omar
Happy Hearts 284
Harakat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami (Jihad Movement) (HUJI) 102, 208–209
Hasavyut, Tadjurin 178
Hashim, Nur 119
Hashim, Shaykh Salamat 187, 196
MILF and 185, 186
Hassan, Abd al-Bagi Muhammad 125
Hassan, Ahmad Bille 127
Hassan bin Talal, Crown Prince 15
Hassanein, Dr. al-Fatih Ali 140, 141, 142, 143, 238
Hassanein, Sukarno 140
Hassound, Adham Amin 271
hawala 71–75, 193, 259, 278
al-Haydar, Shaykh Abu Adil Uthman 144
Health and Education Project International 277
Health Partners International 277
Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin 79, 87, 92, 157, 163
Qutb and 81, 82, 83
al-Hennawi, Mahmud 180
Heritage Education Trust 282, 283
Herndon, Virginia 24, 263
SAAR Foundation and 279, 280, 281, 283
Hewitt, Ibrahim 221
Hezb-i-Islami (Islamic Party) 82, 87, 109, 157
al-Hifnawi, Sami Mahmoud: see al-Zawahiri, Ayman
Himmat, Ali Ghaleb 69, 70, 71
Himmatzoda, Mohammadsharif 163
Hizb Nahda (Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan) (IRPT) 162–164
Hizb ut-Tahrir 256, 260
Hizb-i-Wahdat 82, 157
Hizbullah 233–236
Hizbullah Party 136
Hofmann, Dieter 141
“Hofstad Network” 254
Holy Cities 23, 27
Holy Land 211–236, 273
Arafat’s charitable corruption 223–225
charities in Palestine 214–216
HAMAS 216–221
Intifada 225–229
Lebanon and Hizbullah 233–236
Palestine and HAMAS 229–233
Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) 212–214
United States response 221–223
Holy Land Fund for Relief and Development (Holy Land Foundation, HLF) 271–276
Hong Kong 52, 110, 183, 188
al-Hosain, Shaykh Saleh 38
al-Houri, Ali Saed bin 54
Huber, Albert F. A. 70
Human Appeals International (HAI) 137, 154, 240
Human Concern International (HCI) 97, 148, 153, 238, 276–277, 278
Human Relief International 148
Humana Charitable Trust 283
al-Hussein, Abdullah Osman Abdul Rahman 252
al-Hussein, Hamad 252
Hussein, King 217, 225
Hussein, Saddam 193
Hussein, Siraj Mohamed 123
HuT (Islamic Liberation Party) 159–160, 163, 166, 167, 170, 171, 172
Uzbekistan and 166, 167
IAC (Islamic African Center) 113
IAP (Islamic Association for Palestine) 265, 270, 275
IARA (Islamic African Relief Agency) 85, 113, 114, 116, 126, 262, 265, 277
Sudanese charities and 112, 113
Ibadulla, Kazi Hajji Nasrullah ibn 168
IBC (Islamic Benevolence Committee) 85, 114, 117, 144, 267
Saudi Arabia and 45, 46
Ibn Saud: see Abd al-Aziz bin Abd al-Rahman al-Saud
Ibn Saud, Muhammad 57, 58
Ibn Taymiyya 80
Ibrahim, Mahdi 140
Ibrahim bin Abdul-Aziz al-Ibrahim Fund 134, 163
ICC (Islamic Coordinating Council) 85, 112, 151
ICF (Islamic Charter Front) 3
Ichkeria, Republic of (Chechnya) 176
ICP (Islamic Committee for Palestine) 117, 217, 224
North America and 266, 278, 279
IDF (Israel Defense Force) 214, 223, 226, 228, 232
Idris, King 69
Idris, Salah 67
IHH (Turkish Humanitarian Relief Foundation, International Humanitaire Hilfsorganization) 143, 238, 240
IICO (International Islamic Charitable Organization) 70, 137
IIRO (International Islamic Relief Organization) 35–38
Ikhwan: see Muslim Brotherhood
Ikraa 161, 174, 180, 181
IMF (International Monetary Fund) 223
Imperial Bank of Persia 59
Imron, Ali 204
India 21, 36, 71, 75, 103
Europe and 258, 259
Southeast Asia and 198, 205, 208
Indonesia 200–204
infaq (spending) 11, 18
Infaq Sabilallah-Jihad Fund 200
InfoCom 275
Ingushetia 47, 176, 178, 179
Institute of the Arab World (Paris) 246
internally displaced persons (IDPs) 135, 151
International Council for Islamic Information (ICII) 200
International Development Foundation 259
International Institute for Islamic Thought (IIIT) 280, 281, 282
International Islamic Aid (IIA) 247
International Islamic Alliance of Muslim Missionaries 189
International Islamic Brigade (IIB) 177, 178, 192
International Islamic Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders 208, 209
International Muslim Aid Committee to the Palestinian Nation 220
International Programme of the National Lottery Charities Board 257
INTERPAL (Palestine Relief and Development Fund) 220, 221, 224, 257, 259, 275
Intifada 117, 225–229, 233, 272, 278
HAMAS and 217, 218, 230, 232
IQRA Trust Prisoners’ Welfare 257
Iran 7, 27, 57, 64, 94, 96, 139, 277
Balkans and 134, 136, 143, 145
Albania 146, 148
Bosnia 134, 135, 136
Third World Relief Agency 141, 142
Holy Land and 234
Russia and 162, 163, 164, 166, 173
Sudan and 105, 116, 119, 126, 139
Iran–Palestine Friendship Society 234
Iranian Culture Center (Belgrade) 146
Iranian Humanitarian Aid Organization 144
Iranian Revolutionary Guards 148, 151, 235
Liberation Organization Bureau 234
Iraq 50, 96, 105, 117, 118, 160
banks and 57, 58, 61, 64
Europe and 244, 247
Holy Land and 211, 212, 218
IRIC (Islamic Research and Information Center) 189, 190, 197
IRSA (Islamic Relief Agency) 112, 113, 114, 139, 221, 262
revolution and 113, 114
Isamuddin, Riduan: see Hambali
ISCAG (Islamic Studies for Call and Guidance) 189, 191, 192
Islah (Islamic Reform Party) (Yemen) 97, 174, 242
Islah Women’s Charitable Society 13
Islamabad 83, 84, 136, 147, 277
al-Islambuli, Lieutenant Khalid Ahmad Shawki 80
Islami Chhatra Shibir (ICS) 208
Islami Oikya Jote (Islamic Unity Front) 209
Islamic Alliance to Liberate Afghanistan 82
Islamic Assembly of North America 265
Islamic Association for Palestine (IAP) 272, 273, 274
Islamic Banking Research Institute 63
Islamic Banking System International 62, 107
Islamic Call Organization 111, 113, 126, 127, 253
revolution and 113, 114
Islamic Center Charity Society 13
Islamic centers 19, 129, 182, 191, 192
banks and 69, 70
cultural 152, 237
economic 16
Europe 244, 256
Geneva 33
Herndon 263
Tucson 264, 269, 270, 272
Washington DC 263
Islamic Charity Project International 146
Islamic Charity Societies 214
Islamic Charity for Zakat 231
Islamic Circle of North America 274
Islamic Civilization Project for Africa 112, 113
Islamic Community in Germany 242
Islamic Community of Ticino 244
Islamic Company for Investment 107
Islamic Concern Project 278
Islamic Countries Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization (ICESCO) 246
Islamic Cultural Foundation 19
Islamic Cultural Institute 243, 274
Islamic Development Bank (IDB) 21, 62, 106, 146, 157
Holy Land and 227, 231
Southeast Asia and 189, 196
Islamic Heritage orphanage 147
Islamic Human Rights Commission of France 250
Islamic Jihad Movement 3, 91, 92, 96, 226, 228, 236, 276
Palestine (IJMP) 216, 217, 220, 221, 231, 233
Yemen 97
Islamic Movement for Africa (IMA) 129
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) 159, 166, 167, 168, 172
Islamic National Salvation Party 218
Islamic Presentation Committee (IPC) 189
Islamic Relief 146, 258
Islamic Relief (Secours Islamique) 248, 249, 250
Islamic Relief Worldwide 257, 258, 264
Islamic Relief Committee of Nazareth 274
Islamic Revival Foundation of Kuwait 149
Islamic Salvation Foundation 88
Islamic Society of North America (ISNA) 249, 264, 274
Islamic Solidarity Bank 107
Islamic Spiritual Directorates (Soviet) 158
Islamic Students’ Association 188, 208
Islamic Summit Conference of Kaaba, Third 239
Islamic Supreme Council of America 199, 230
Islamic Union of Freiburg 242
Islamic Waqf Organization 133
Islamic Wisdom Worldwide Mission 190, 192
Islamic Workers’ Union 242
Islamic World Committee 137
Islamic Young Women’s Association 231
Islamic Zakaat Fund 128
Islamic-American Zakat Foundation 271
Islamische Gemeinschaft Milli Gorus 238
Isle of Man 121, 123, 281, 283
Isma‘il, Dr. Mustafa Osman 139
ISRA (Islamic Studies and Research Association) 146
Israel 17, 47, 211, 217
Europe and 255, 259, 260, 261
North America and 272, 275, 279
Issar, Redouan 254
‘It-is-Truth’ internet campaign 97
Italian Muslim Association 243
Italy 31, 55, 69, 135, 219, 239, 242–245
Izetbegovic, President Alija 131–133, 144, 145, 153
Bosnia and 133, 134, 136
Islam Between East and West 132
“Islamic Declaration” (1970) 132
Third World Relief Agency and 140, 141, 142
Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades 218, 225
Jabaliyya Charity Association 224
Ja‘far al-Sadiq 14
Jahjah, Dyab Abu 253, 255
Jaish-e-Muhammad 99, 101, 102, 103, 219
Jama‘at al-Islamiyya 37, 40, 70, 144, 208
Afghanistan and 79, 80, 89, 92, 94, 96
see also EIJ
Jama‘at-i-Islami 81, 82, 157, 207, 208, 209, 249, 260
Jameel, Abdul Latif 22
Jamiyat al-Islah al-Itjimai 170
Jammah Islamiyya (JI) 187, 205
Abu Sayyaf and 195, 196, 197
Indonesia and 200, 201, 202, 203, 204
Malaysia and 198, 199, 200
Janjalani, Abdurajak Abubakar 188, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197
Janjalani, Qaddafi 195, 196, 197
Jannati, Ayatollah Ahmad 136
Jawad, Salah al-Din Abdel 100
Jemal, Geidar 156, 157
Jersey 122, 123
Jerusalem Fund for Human Services 221
Jewish Defense League 250
al-Jihad 91, 92
Jihad al-Bina‘a 235
John Paul II, Pope 183, 184, 193
Jordan, Vernon 275
Jordan
Afghanistan and 83, 99
Holy Land and 211, 218, 224
Russia and 160, 170, 176, 180
Southeast Asia and 191, 201
Jordan Charity Coalition 224
Julaidan, Wael Hamza (Abu Hasan al-Madani) 32, 122, 145, 154, 269
Rabita Trust and 100–101
Saudi Arabia and 32, 35
Jumale, Ahmed Nur Ali 74
Kabbani, Shaykh Muhammad Hisham 199, 230
Kadyrov, Akhmad 179
Kahane, Meir 270
Kamel, Shaykh Saleh Abdallah 75, 174, 221
banks and 64, 68
Sudan and 109, 121
Karadzic, Radovan 132
Karavan Construction Company 149
Karimov, President Islam Abduganievich 165, 166, 167, 168
Kashmir Muslim Front 247
Kasim, Farid 260
Katz, Rita 273, 280–281
Kazakhstan 168–171
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda 170
Kenya
Sudan and 110, 125
Al Qaeda 127, 128
Khadr, Ahmed Said (Abu al-Kanadi) 97, 276, 277
Khalid, King 29
Khalifa, Muhammad Jamal 187–191
Khalifah Trading Industries Ltd 188
Khalis, Yunnis 109
Khan, Khezretguly 168
Kharban, Kamar Eddin (Sid Ahmed Mourad) 120, 143, 238
Khartoum–Al Qaeda Nexus 106
Khatmiyya religious brotherhood 108
Khattab, Amir (Commander) 162, 164, 177, 178
Khomeini, Ayatollah 27, 91, 217, 234
King Faisal Foundation of Riyadh 65
King Faisal International Award for Islamic Studies 130
Konsojaya Trading Company 197, 198
Kor, Hakim 165
Kosovo 31, 39, 143, 146, 148, 149–153, 274
UN Mission in (UNMIK) 145, 152
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) 148, 150, 151
Kozyrev, Andrei 156
Kumpulan Mujahideen Malaysia (KMM) 197, 199, 205
Kurdish Cultural Centre (KCC) 257
Kurdistan 45
Kuwait
Balkans and 137, 146, 149, 151
banks and 56, 61, 62, 69, 70
Russia and 157, 170, 179, 180
Kuwait Finance Group 107
Kuwait Joint Relief Committee 144, 180
Kuwaiti Society for the Revival of Islamic Heritage 174
Kuwaiti Zakat Fund 108
Kyagulanyi, Alirabaki (Shaykh Jamil Mukulu) 128
Kyrgyz National Security Council 171, 172
Kyrgyzstan 156, 157, 159, 171–173
La Vie 249
Laden International 94
al-Lahim, Shaykh Hamoud 189, 191
Principles of Islam 189
Lajnat al-Birr al-Islamiyya (LBI): see IBC
Lashkar-e-Jangvi 167
Lashkar-e-Toiba 49, 101, 103
Laskar Jihad (LJ) 197, 201
Lavrov, Sergei V. 181
League of Pakistani Islamic Propagation 189
Lebanon 116, 117, 119, 257, 269
Holy Land and 211, 213, 217, 221, 236
Hizbullah and 233–236
Lebed, Alexsandr 178
Leemount Limited 121
legislation
Bank Secrecy Act (USA) 41
Faisal Islamic Bank Act 1977 (Sudan) 107
Foreign Intelligence Service Act (FISA) (USA) 323
Income Tax Act (Canada) 278
Income Tax Act (Pakistan) 102
International Economic Powers Act (USA) 53
International Emergency Economic Powers Act 1979 (IEEPA) (USA) 275
Money Laundering Control Act (USA) 41
Patriot Act 2001 (USA) 54, 55
Public Association (1991) (Uzbekistan) 166
Saudi Banking Control Law 56
Terrorism Act (2000) (UK) 240
Libya 69, 94, 169
Southeast Asia and 185, 192, 195
Sudan and 111, 116
Liechtenstein 68, 70, 141, 245, 281
Lijnat al-Da‘wa (Kuwait) 137
Likud Party 226
Lindh, John Walker 97
Ljevakovic, Irfan 141
Lowey, Nita 274
Luxembourg 62, 67, 110, 245
Maasari, Shaykh Muhammad 258, 267
Mabrouk, Mohamed Ahmed Salama 147, 180
Macedonia 39, 135, 143, 144, 148, 258
Kosovo and 150, 151
al-Madani, Abu Hasan: see Julaidan, Wael Hamza
Madli 174
Madrasat al-Sulatiya al-Diniyah 186
Magen David Adom (Red Star of David) 228
Magtymguly Youth Association (Turkmenistan) 169
mahalla (neighborhood organization) 159
Mahdi, Ali 125, 126
al-Mahdi, Qutbi 277, 278
al-Mahdi, Prime Minister Sadiq 94, 113, 115
Mahir, Prime Minister Ahmad 90
majlis al-shura 39, 47
MAK (Mujahideen Services Bureau) 32, 51, 144, 268, 270
Afghanistan and 87–88, 89, 90
Emir of Jihad 84, 85
foot-soldiers 97, 98
mujahideen 93, 94, 96
Saudi Arabia and 32, 35, 46
Makkah Humanitarian Organization 133
Makkah Mukarramah Charity Trust, Inc. 281
Malaysia 197–200
Malaysian Central Bank 64
Malaysian Moujahedeen Group 197
Manji, Irshad 278
Trouble with Islam 278
al-Maqdisi, Abu Muhammad 256
Mar-Jac Investments 281
Margate Muslim Association 261
Martyrs Foundation 234
Marzouk, Musa Abu 267, 282, 283
Holy Land and 219, 223
Fund for Relief and Development (HLF) 271, 272, 275
Mash‘al, Khaled 222, 223, 225, 232
Maskhadov, General Aslan 178, 179
al-Masri, Abu Hamza 260, 261, 262
al-Masri, Hani 223
al-Masri, Saif al-Islam 47, 175, 179
al-Masri, Sayf-al-Adl 26
al-Masri, Shaykh Said 53
Massoud, Ahmad Shah 157
al-Maududi, Maulana Sayyid Abu al-‘Ala 80, 81, 186, 207
Mauritania 111, 128, 129, 137
Mawdudi Institute 201
Mecca 22, 23, 111, 159, 185
banks and 58, 68
Saudi Arabia and 27, 35, 38
“Mecca Declaration” 239
Medani, Shaykh Abbasi 247
Medical Aid for Palestine (MAP) 221, 257
Medina 58, 102
zakat and 11, 20, 23
al-Mekki, Ibrahim 91
Mena Investments, Inc. 281
Mendoza Jr., Rodolfo Bauzon 191
Mercy International Relief Organization (MIRO) 188, 189, 283
Balkans and 153
Sudan and 126, 128
United Kingdom 259
Meta, Prime Minister Ilir 149
al-Mezain, Imam Mohammad 267, 273
Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) 226
Middle School Number One, Beslan 181
MILF (Moro Islamic Liberation Front) 185–187
Millward, William 126
Milosevic, President Slobodan 132, 149, 150, 151
Mirza, Abduwal 165
Mirza, Yaqub 280
Misuari, Nur 185–187, 194
Mit Cham Savings Bank 62
MNLF (Moro National Liberation Front) 185, 187
Abu Sayyaf and 192, 194
Moafak el Hairiya (Blessed Relief) 123
al-Moayad, Shaykh Mohammad Ali Hassan 242
Mock, Alois 136
Mohammed, Ali 99–100, 127, 270
Mohammed, Prime Minister Mahathir 197, 198, 200
Morocco 42, 62, 132, 170, 244
Mostan International 282
“Mothers of Srebrenica and Podrinje” 145
Mourad, Sid Ahmed: see Kharban, Kamar
Moussaoui, Zacarias 54, 199
Movement for Islamic Reform 87
Movement for National Unity and Revival (Tajikistan) 164
MSA (Muslim Students’ Association of the United States and Canada) 263, 264, 277, 282, 291
Mu‘awiya ibn Abi Sufyan 13, 14
Mubarak, President Hosni 17, 83, 123, 147
mudarabah (partnerships) 63, 70
Mugniyah, Imad 235
Muhammad, Ali Mahdi 125
Muhammad, Khaled Shaykh 96, 97, 137, 184
Muhammad, Omar Bakri 260
Muhammad, Zahid Shaykh 137
Muhammad al-Faisal al-Saud, Prince 65, 68, 107, 109
Mukhlas: see Gufron, Perjalanan Ali
Mukhtar, Brigadier Kamal Ali 114
Mukhtar, Sharaf al-Din Ali 114
Multi-Donor Trust Fund 196
Murad, Abdul Hakim 183, 184
Museveni, President Yoweri Kaguta (Uganda) 140
Musharraf, President Pervez 101, 103, 168
Muslim Aid 221, 257, 258
Muslim Arab Youth Association (MAYA) 273
Muslim Association 42, 261
Muslim Brotherhood
Abd al-Rahman and 91, 92
Al Qaeda and 79, 80
banks and 58, 59, 61, 62
HAMAS and 217, 219, 220
Holy Land and 214, 220, 221
Palestinan wing 215
Russia and 163, 176
al-Zawahiri and 90
Muslim Council of Britain 259–260
Muslim Council of France 245
Muslim Cultural Society of Enfield and Haringey 260, 261
Muslim Girls’ and Young Women’s Association 261
Muslim Hands 257
Muslim Investment Corporation 42
Muslim Religious Office for Kazakhstan 171
Muslim Salvation Organization of Burma 205
Muslim Welfare House 261
Muslim Youth 43
Muslim Youth Society 131, 219
Muslims of the Americas 267
Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal coalition 249
Muwafaq Foundation 54, 248, 252
Balkans and 137, 138, 146, 149
Sudan and 113, 114, 117, 126, 240
Muwafaq Society 138
MWL (Muslim World League) 33–35, 263, 284
Myanmar (Burma) 206, 209
Nabiev, Rakhmon 162
Nada, Youssef Mustafa 69, 70, 71, 220
Italy and 244, 245
North America and 281, 282, 283
Nada International 281
Nada Management Organization 69, 71
Nafi, Dr. Bashir 266, 278–279
al-Naggar, Ahmed Ibrahim 147–148
Nahda Society 228
al-Nahyan, Shaykh Hamdan ibn Zayed 230
Naif bin Abd al-Aziz al-Saud, Prince 24, 101, 227, 230, 231
Naipaul, V. S. 200
Among the Believers 200
Najibullah, Mohammad 92–93
al-Najjar, Ahmad 62
Namangani, Juma 167
al-Namlah, Dr Ali bin Ibrahim 38, 41
Naqai, Shaykh Abu Abdul Aziz 44
Naqshabandi, Shaykh Bahauddin 165
Nasco Business Residence Center 245
Naseef, Dr. Abdullah Omar 101
Nasir, Lt. General Javed 103
Nasr, Fadlallah Burma 115
Nasreddin, Ahmed Idris 69, 70, 283
Italy and 244, 245
Nasreddin Company (Nasco SAS) 245
Nasreddin Foundation 69, 70
Nasreddin International Group 69, 245
Nasser, President Gamal Abdel 59, 60, 111, 130, 159, 212
Afghanistan and 79, 80, 90
zakat and 16, 17
National Arab Bank 45
National Bank of Abu Dhabi 107
National Commercial Bank (NCB) 45, 51, 56, 66–68, 121, 151, 227
Saudi banking and 59, 60, 61
National Democratic Alliance (NDA) (Sudan) 139
National Liberation Front (Algeria) 120
National Terrorist Financial Investigation Unit (NTFIU) 261
National Youth Organization Associations 126
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 150, 151, 153, 155
Nawaf bin Abd al-Aziz, Prince 100, 101
Nazarov, Imam 166
Nazzal, Mohammad 99, 218–219
al-Nehdi, Khaled 68
Netanyahu, Benjamin 225
Netherlands Alislamic Aluok Foundation 146
Netherlands Antilles 55, 283
Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark 221, 251–256
“New Financiers of Terror” (Italy) 244
New Islamic Order 177
New Jersey 47, 142, 219, 270, 274, 282
New Jihad Group 91
New York Times 231, 269
Newsbreak 194
NGOs (non-government organizations) 10, 85, 140, 210
Europe and 238, 257
Holy Land and 212, 234
North America and 276, 278
Russia and 157, 159, 166, 167, 168, 174
Saudi Arabia and 35, 49
Sudan and 114, 117, 126
NIF (National Islamic Front) 3, 18
Balkans and 139, 141
Sudan and 109, 113, 114, 123
banking 108
People’s Defense Force (PDF) 115, 116
Nigeria 111, 128, 129, 130, 205
Nigeria Islamic Foundation 129
Nilein Industrial Bank 107
Nimatullahi Sufi order 248
nisab (property) 11, 18
Niyazov, President Saparmyrat (Turkmenistan) 168, 169–170
Ruhnama (The Book of the Soul) 169
NMCC (National Management Consultancy Center) 67, 121
Nomani, Shaykh 119
North American charities 263–286
Al Kifah and Al Haramain 269–271
BIF and GRF 267–269
Canadian connections 276–278
Holy Land Fund for Relief and Development (HLF) and 271–276
investigating 264–267
SAAR Foundation 279–284
WISE and 278–279
North Texas Joint Terrorism Task Force 275
NSRCC (National Salvation Revolutionary Command Council) 114, 115, 116
NSSWO (Non-Sudanese Students Welfare Organization) 127
al-Numayri, President Ja‘far 108, 113, 115, 139
Nurhasyim, Amrozi bin Haji 204
al-Nuri, Nadir 280
Nurjaman, Encep: see Hambali
al-Obaid, Dr. Abdullah 34
Occupied Land Fund 219, 271, 272
Odeh, Shaykh Abd al-Aziz 117, 266
OFAC (Office of Foreign Assets Control) 9, 41, 43, 53, 54, 71
Office of the Protection of the Constitution (BfV) 238, 240
Ogaden Islamic Union 119
OIC (Organization of the Islamic Conference) 77, 159, 216, 236
Balkans and 135, 136
Southeast Asia and 187, 206
Olimpio, Guido 243
Om al-Qura Foundation 200, 205
Oman 16, 64, 230
Omar, Mullah Mohammed 97, 98, 102
Omar, Shaykh 262
Onos, Hadji 195
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 34, 60, 196
Open Society Institute 168
Operation Blue Marlin 184
Operation Bojinka 46, 96, 183, 184, 188
Malaysia and 197, 198
Operation Defensive Shield 228
Operation Green Quest 43, 54, 280, 281, 282, 283
Operation Green Veil 195
Operation Peace for Galilee 233
Operation Restore Hope (Somalia) 125, 127
Organization of Asian Students in Cairo 186
Orphans’ Assistance Association 232
Oslo Accords 213, 220, 225
Declaration of Principles 213
Othman, Omar Mahmud: see Abu Qutada
Ottoman Empire 15, 31, 58
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) (USA) 223
Pacquette, Claude 277
Padilla, Jose 46
Pahlavi, Shah Reza 7
PAIC (Popular Arab and Islamic Congress) 128, 136, 156, 177
General Assembly 118, 119
al-Turabi and 118, 119, 120
Pakistan 101–104
Pakistan Muslim Social Welfare Association 247, 249
Pakistan National Economic Council 103
Pakistan Scholars/Ulema Society 208
Pakistan Second Constituent Assembly 206
Palestine 214–216, 229–233
Palestine Charity Committee 280
Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 107, 117, 218, 220, 227, 236
North America and 266, 279
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) 212, 213, 226, 233
Arafat’s corruption and 223
charities and 214, 215, 216
Europe and 250, 251
HAMAS and 217, 218, 219, 220
Palestinian Executive Committee 213
“PLO Bank” 214
Palestine National Council 213
Palestine Relief and Development Fund: see INTERPAL
Palestine Welfare Association (PWA) 214
Palestinian Association of Austria 221
Palestinian Monetary Authority 231
Palestinian Student Friends Association 231
Palestinian–Israeli peace agreement 68
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 198, 200
Pankisi Gorge 174, 175
“Paris Conference on Humanitarian and Charitable Societies” 49
Partisans Movement in Kashmir 208
Party of Democratic Action (SDA) (Bosnia) 132, 141, 144
Pasha-Sade, Shaykh-ul-Islam Allahshukyur 173
Pathfinder Investments 283
Pattani United Liberation Organization (PULO) 203, 204–205
Patterns of Global Terrorism (State Department) 266
PDF (People’s Defense Force) (Sudan) 115–117, 122
Peace Committee and “War of Liberation” (Pakistan) 208
Peace and Development Foundation 114, 126
Pearl, Daniel 103
Pentagon Group (Philippines) 188
People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) 82
Persian Gulf 23, 47, 59
Peshawar
Connection 86
Emir of Jihad and 84, 85
Osama bin Laden and 87, 88
Peshawar–Al Qaeda Nexus 78
al-Zawahiri and 90, 91
“Peshawar Seven” 82
Philippine Council for Peace and Development 194
Philippine Muslim Student Organization 186
Philippines
Indonesia and 200, 201, 202, 203
Malaysia and 197, 198, 200
Saudi Arabia and 36, 37, 45, 46
Pipes, Daniel 286
Popular Committee for Assisting the Palestinian Mujahideen (PCAPM) 215, 227
Popular Front (Tajikistan) 162
Powell, Colin 57
Prince Sultan Ibn Abdul Aziz Special Committee for Relief (SCR) 128
Putin, President Vladimir 179, 181
Qaddafi, Colonel Muammar 69, 111, 169, 185
Green Book 169
al-Qadi, Yassin Abdullah 121–124, 149, 154, 221, 240
al-Qaradawi, Shaykh Yousuf Abdullah 24–25, 61, 70, 179
Holy Land and 220, 224, 225
North America and 267, 271
Qasim, Talaat Fouad Abdul 36, 85, 96
Qatar 17, 24, 179, 271
Holy Land and 224, 230, 231
Qatar Charitable Society 137, 240
al-Qattan, Shaykh Ahmed 271
Quddus, Imtiaz 209
Quranic Literacy Institute 124
Qutb, Muhammad 59
Qutb, Sayyid 81–83, 163, 186
Fi Zilzal al-Quran (In the Shade of the Quran) 79
Ma‘aallim Fittareek (Milestones) 79
Rabbani, Burhanuddin 79, 81, 82
Rabita Trust 57, 100–101, 145, 157
Rabitatul Mujahideen coalition 203
Racak massacre 151
Radjab, Muhammad 165
Rahman, Abdur 176
Rahman, Bangabandu Shaykh Mujibur 206, 207, 208
“Our Charter of Survival” 206
Rahman, Mustafa 89
Rahman, General Ziaur “Zia” 207
Rajah Sulaiman Movement 196
al-Rajhi, Saleh Abd al-Aziz 282
al-Rajhi, Shaykh Suleiman Abd al-Aziz 66, 121, 280, 281, 282
al-Rajhi, Yousif Abdullah 66
Rakhmonov, President Imomali 160, 162, 164
Ramadan, Said 33
Ramadan, Tariq 246
Rantissi, Abdel Aziz 223, 232
al-Rashed, Abd al-Rahman 48
al-Rashid, Salah 189
al-Rashid, Suleiman 100
Rashidah, Khilafah 13
RCC: see NSRCC
Reagan, President Ronald 82
Red Army 156, 175
Red Crescent Societies 35, 100, 114, 169, 213
Afghanistan and 85, 90, 91
Balkans and 137, 144, 145
Holy Land and 212, 213, 229, 230
Lebanese 213, 233, 234
Palestinian (PRCS) 212–214, 215, 228
HAMAS 232
Lebanon 233
Saudi Arabia (SARCS) 31–33
Red Cross 6, 31, 169, 214
Holy Land and 212, 213, 214
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, International Commission for (ICRC) 16, 31, 33, 212, 213, 228
Regional Islamic Dawah Council of Southeast Asia and the Pacific (RISEAP) 199–200
Rehman, Maulana Fazlur 249
Renseignements Généraux (RG) 246
Republica (Albania) 148
Ressemi, Ahmet 145
Reston Investments, Inc. 281
Rida, Rashid 4, 78
al-Ridi, Essam 110
Riyadh 47–50
Rohingya Solidarity Organization (RSO) 209
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) 278
royal family, Saudi 27, 34, 35, 36, 41, 94
banks and 57, 58, 62, 66
Holy Land and 214, 221, 229, 230
North America and 264, 281
Russia and 161, 173
Sudan and 108, 111
see also Saud, House of
Rugova, President Dr Ibrahim 149, 150
Russia and Central Asia 156–182
Chechnya 175–180
Georgia 174–175
Kyrgyzstan 171–173
lost opportunities 180–182
outsiders and 159–161
Russian army 162
Tajikistan 161–164
Transcaucasia 173–174
Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan 168–171
Uzbekistan 164–168
Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) 39, 161, 178, 180
Russian–Saudi detente 161
Saad, Abd al-Salaam Sulayman 111
Saad, Servakh Abed 161, 180
al-Saadawi, Alaa 47
Saakashvili, Mikheil 175
SAAR (Suleiman Abd al-Aziz al-Rajhi) Foundation 157, 265, 279–284
Sabbagh, Hasib 214
Sabra massacre 257
Sacirbey, Nedzib 131
sadaqa (gifts) 7, 11, 17, 43, 129, 265
Europe and 248, 250, 251
Holy Land and 214, 227
Sadat, President Anwar 147
Afghanistan and 80, 83, 89, 91, 92
zakat and 16, 17
al-Sadiq, Isma‘il 14
Safa Group 282, 283
Safa Trust 280, 281, 282
Salafi Brigade for Call and Combat (Algeria) 4, 244
Salafist Islamist movement 198
Salafiyya Movement 58, 78
Salim, Mamdouh 145, 268
Salman bin Abd al-Aziz, Prince 26, 32, 36, 41, 88
Balkans and 133, 144, 145
Holy Land and 216, 227
Salvation International Islamic Organization 180
SAMA (Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority) 56, 57, 64, 65, 67, 68, 232
Samudra, Imam 204
Sana-Bell Al Kheer 283
Sanabel al-Khair (Seeds of Charity) 36
Sanabil Association for Relief and Development 221, 233
al-Sanoussi, Ibrahim 116
Sanusiyya Brotherhood 69
Sarkozy, Nicolas 246, 248
Satar, Shaykh Abdullah 243
Saud, House of 4, 29, 57, 60, 65
Saud bin Abd al-Aziz al-Saud, King 29, 60, 66, 263
Saudi American Bank 45, 227
Saudi Arab Finance Corporation 110
Saudi Arabia and Islamic charities 23–25, 26–50
Al Haramain Islamic Foundation (AHIF) 38–41
Al Wafa Humanitarian Organization 43–45
Benevolence International Foundation (BIF) 46–47
donations 26–30
International Islamic Relief Organization (IIRO) 35–38
Muslim World League (MWL) 33–35
Riyadh bombings and 47–50
Saudi Arabia Red Crescent Society (SARCS) 31–33
World Assembly of Muslim Youth (WAMY) 41–43
Saudi Arabia National Human Rights Association 34
Saudi Benevolent Society 36
Saudi French Bank 228
Saudi High Commission for Aid to Bosnia (SHCB) 144, 154
Saudi High Relief Commission for Bosnia (SHRC) 33, 39, 134, 144, 145, 149, 153, 154
Kosovo and 151, 152
Saudi Joint Relief Committee for Kosovo and Chechnya (SJRC) 100, 151, 304
Saudi-British Bank 228
Saudi-Sudanese Bank 107, 121
SAUDIFIN (Saudi Finance Corporation) 110
Save the Children 257
Sayadi, Nabil (Abu Zaynab) 241, 255
al-Sayari, Hamad 56, 57
Sayyaf, Abdul Rab Rasul: see Abu Sayyaf
Schily, Otto 241
Schumer, Senator Charles 222
Scottish Charities Office 257
SDGTs (specially designated global terrorists) 44, 54, 56, 100, 259
SEDCO (Saudi Economic and Development Company) 66
Sedki, Prime Minister Atef (Egypt) 103
Sedky, Dr. Cherif 282
al-Seif, Abu Omar Mohammed: see Abu Seif
Senegal 128, 129, 249
September 11 2001 (9/11) 1, 96, 134, 137, 199, 252, 284
see also North America charities
Serbia 132, 133, 140, 150, 153, 258
Bosnia and 134, 135, 136, 143
Kosovo and 150, 151
Shaban, Shaykh Said 117
al-Shafi‘i, Muhammad ibn Idris 5
Shah, Wali Khan Amin 184, 198
Shahid, Leila 251
Shalabi, Mustafa 89
Shallah, Ramadan Abdullah 279
Shamzai, Nizamuddin 102
Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Charter for 173
Declaration of 172
“Shanghai Five” 172
Shaqaqi, Khalil 117
Shari‘a 114, 260
al-Sharif, Saad 54
Sharon, Ariel 226
Shatilla massacre 257
Shaykh, Sahid 259
al-Shaykh, Saleh 42
Shaykh Eid-ben Mohammed al-Thani Foundation 179
Shaykh Zayed bin Sultan al-Nahayyan Charitable and Humanitarian Foundation 256
Shevardnadze, Eduard 175
al-Shibh, Ramzi bin 54
Shifa International Hospitals Ltd. 121
al-Shiqaqi, Dr Ahmad Fathi 216, 279
Shishli Children’s Hospital 21
SIDO (Sub-Saharan International Development Organization) 123
Singapore 183, 184, 195, 198, 200, 206
Indonesia and 201, 202, 203
Thailand and 206
Sipah-e-Sahaba 167
Six Day War 212, 234
Siyam, Shaykh Muhammad 273
Slovenia 135, 141, 144
Social Care Committee 231
Social Reform Society 137
Society of Converts to Islam 260
Society of Muslim Lawyers 260
Society for Social Reform (SSR) (Kuwait) 180
Somalia 124–127
Soros, George 168
South Kazakhstan Humanitarian Academy 170
South Relief Agency 32
Southeast Asia 53, 82, 83, 97, 183–210
Abu Sayyaf Group 191–197
Bangladesh 206–210
Indonesia 200–204
Malaysia 197–200
Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) 185–187
Muhammad Jamal Khalifa 187–191
Southern Thailand 204–206
Spain 43, 194, 202, 205
Europe and 240, 241, 244, 250, 259
Special Arab Aid Fund for Africa (Saudi Arabia) 107
Spiritual Administration for Muslims of Central Asia 168, 173, 181
State Committee on Religious Affairs (Uzbekistan) 166
Sterling Charitable Gift Fund 281, 282, 283
Sterling Management Group 281
Success Foundation 283
Sudan, revolutionary 105–130
30 June Revolution 113, 115, 117
Sudan and Islamic charities 17–18, 105–130
Al Qaeda, East Africa and 127–128
banking 106–109
Hasan al-Turabi 117–121
Khartoum–Al Qaeda Nexus 106
Osama bin Laden 109–110
People’s Defense Force (PDF) 115–117
Revolution 113–115
in Somalia 124–127
in West Africa 128–130
Yassin Abdullah al-Qadi and Muwafaq 121–124
Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) 109, 115, 116
Sudanese Financial Committee for Supporting the Kosovo Muslims 152
Sudanese Islamist movement 96
Sufi brotherhoods (tariqa) 58, 119, 158, 176
Sukarnoputri, President Megawati 203
Suliman, Fadil 42
Sultan bin Abd al-Aziz, Prince 68, 128, 230
Sungkar, Abdullah 198
Supreme Authority of Senior Scholars (Saudi Arabia) 173
Supreme Committee for the Collection of Donations for the Muslims of Bosnia 133, 134
Supreme Council for the Funds of Al Aqsa and the Al Quds Intifada 227
Supreme Council of Islamic Affairs 30
al-Suwaylim, Mansur 33
al-Suwaylim, Samir Salih Abdallah: see Abu Khattab
Switzerland
banks and 68, 69, 70, 71
Islamic system 62, 64, 65, 74
Europe and 239, 244, 245, 246, 259
Syria 21, 22, 160, 176, 189, 192
banks and 58, 62, 64, 70
Holy Land and 211, 212, 213, 234
Taba Investments 94
Tadamon Bank 94, 107, 108, 109, 110
Taha, Ali Osman 114
Taha, Muhammad 215
Taher, Abdel Hadi 100
Tajikistan 161–164
Islamic Resistance Party of Tajikistan 82
Tajik Communist Party 162
Talaa al-Fateh (Egypt) 89, 91
Taliban 4, 6, 22, 209, 229, 259
Afghanistan and 98, 102, 103
banks and 53, 55
Europe and 253, 258, 261
Russia and 157, 160, 163, 167
Saudi Arabia and 26, 37, 44
Tanzania 2, 40, 49, 56, 98, 145, 154, 241, 243, 259, 269
Sudan and 110, 128
Tarikh Osama (“Osama’s history”) 51
Task Force on Terrorism and Unconventional Warfare (US House of Representatives) 140
Tatarstan 157, 158, 181
Tawil, Raymonda 223
Tax and Zakat Commission 16
Terrorist Financing, Working Group on 57
terrorist lists
Islamist organizations 95
United Nations 68, 101, 181, 195
United States 195, 222, 234, 235, 266, 268
Thaci, Hashim 150
Thakur, Dr. Ayub 259
Thalib, Ustad Ja‘afar Umar 201
Third World Relief Agency (TWRA) 140–143
Thomas Jefferson Cultural Center 193
Times of London 116
Tita, Mohammed Hassan 147
Totonji, Ahmad 282
“Tottenham Ayatollah”: see Muhammad, Omar Bakri
Transcaucasia 173–174
Transitional Military Council (TMC) (Sudan) 113, 114
Trueco 22
Tudjman, Franjo 132
Tunisia 4, 62, 69, 245, 252
Holy Land and 217, 219
Russia and 160, 170
Sudan and 116, 117, 120
al-Turabi, Hasan 2–3, 117–121, 156–157, 177, 197, 267, 277, 279
Turajanzade, Mullah Akhbar 162, 163
Turkey 62, 92, 189, 220, 238, 256
Balkans and 136, 141, 142, 143, 144
Albania 146, 147
Russia and 157, 166, 170, 173, 182
zakat and 20, 21, 22
Turki al-Faisal bin Abd al-Aziz al-Saud, Prince 68, 88, 157
Turkish Advisory and Welfare Centre 257
Turkish Prosperity Party (RAFAH) 238, 241
Turkmenistan 157, 158, 168–171
UASR (United Association for Studies and Research) 271, 272
Uganda 21, 107, 112, 128, 140, 278
ulama (learned clerics) 7, 8, 33, 58, 166
zakat and 12, 14
Umar ibn al-Khattab, Caliph 13, 20
Unified National Leadership of the Uprising (UNLU) 218, 314
Unified Treasury of the National Palestinian Authority 227
Union des Organisations Islamiques de France (UOIF) 246
Union of Muslim Organizations of Italy (UCOII) 244, 245
United Arab Emirates (UAE) 17, 44, 157, 161, 196
banks and 68, 70, 74, 75
investigating 55, 56
Holy Land and 229, 230
United Kingdom (UK) 256–259
United Kingdom Islamic Education Foundation 257
United Malays National Organization 198
United Nations High Commission for Refugees 144, 229
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) 126
United Nations International Task Force (UNITAF) 125
United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) 212, 232, 233
United States of America (USA) 221–223
see also North American charities
United Tajik Opposition (UTO) 162, 163
Unity Bank 107
al-Uqayl, Shaykh Uqayl bin Abdul Aziz (Aqeel al-Aqeel) 40, 41, 253
Uthman, Caliph 13
Uzbekistan 164–168
van Aartsen, Jozias 254
van Gogh, Theo 254
Vitug, Marites Daguilan 194
Vlaams Blok Party (Belgium) 256
Voice of Saudi Arabia 161
Voluntary Agencies (Sudan), Commissioner General for 122
WAFA (Palestine news agency) 44
al-Wahhab, Shaykh Muhammad ibn Abd 4, 23, 57, 58, 59
Wajed, Shaykh Hasina 208, 209
Wali Mekbal al-Juabirah Association 224
Wall Street Journal 103
Walton, Charles 194
WAMY (World Assembly of Muslim Youth) 15, 41–43, 222, 228, 232, 284
waqf (endowments) 18, 19–23, 36, 81, 129, 169
Holy Land and 214, 215, 218
Waqf Al Birr Education Trust 257
waqf khayr (charitable trust) 19, 44
“War of Liberation” (Bangladesh) 206, 207
Washington Post 8, 284
Washington Times 41
Welfare Association (Ta‘awoun) (UK) 257
West Africa 107, 113, 119, 128–130, 249
West Bank 9, 23, 68, 211, 212, 221, 236
Afghanistan and 83, 99
Arafat’s corruption and 223, 224, 225
Europe and 248, 257
HAMAS and 217, 218, 219, 229, 231
Intifada and 225, 226, 228
North America and 273, 274
Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) and 212, 213
West Pakistan 206
Wisdom Enrichment Foundation (WEFOUND) 199, 200
Wisdom Journal 190
Wolfsberg Group 54
World Bank 196, 223
World Health Organization (WHO) 212
World and Islamic Studies Enterprise (WISE) 265, 278–280, 281
World Islamic Banking Conference (2002) 65
World Islamic League 161
World Kashmir Freedom Movement 259
World Trade Center 2, 8, 9, 30, 190, 241
Afghanistan and 96, 183, 184
Balkans and 137, 154
banks and 53, 68
North American charities and 267, 272
Xinjiang 172, 173
al-Yacoub, Ibrahim Salih Mohammed 54
Yahya of Yemen, Imam 58
Yakutsia 161, 181
al-Yamani, Mohammed Abed 161
Yaquby, Shaykh Nizam 63
Yasin, Shaykh Ahmed Isma‘il 215, 222, 225
HAMAS and 216, 217, 218
Palestine and 215, 232
Yeltsin, President Boris 177, 178
Yemen 13, 180, 184, 201, 205, 224
Afghanistan and 90, 93, 94, 97
Balkans and 133, 147, 154
banks and 58, 60, 66
Europe and 242, 243
North America and 275, 278
Yemen Society for Social Welfare 243
Yemeni Development Forum 257
Yew, Lee Kuan 206
York Foundation 281, 282
Yousef, Ahmed bin 272
Yousef, Ramzi 96–97, 184, 193, 197, 205
Muhammad Jamal Khalifa and 190
Yugoslavia 119, 131, 132, 135, 150
Yusuf, Azzam Mustafa 224
Zahiragic, Munib 154
zakat 11–25
waqf (endowments) 19–23
Zakat Account 39
zakat al-amwal al-batina 80
Zakat Board (Sudan) 18
Zakat Committee of Khan Younis 214
Zakat Committee of Ramallah 214
Zakat Committee of Tulkarem 214
Zakat Committee of Zenin 214
Zakat Fund, International 15
zakat, international conferences on 15, 24
Zalloum, Abdul Qadeem 159
Zamboanga Islamic Institute of the Philippines 193
Zarate, Juan 222
al-Zawahiri, Dr. Ayman 32, 47, 89–91, 92, 93, 95–96, 100, 125, 147, 148, 177, 180, 185, 202, 239, 251–252, 256, 267, 270, 278
al-Zawahiri, Mohammed 36, 147
al-Zawahiri, Muhammad al-Ahmadi 90
al-Zawahiri, Dr. Rabie 90
al-Zawahiri, Umayma (née Azzam) 90
Zawari, Shaykh: see al-Zawahiri, Dr. Ayman
Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Charitable and Humanitarian Foundation 152
Zenawi, Meles 119
Zia, Prime Minister Begum Khaleda 209
Zia-ul-Haq, President 101
al-Zindani, Shaykh Abdul Majeed 97, 174, 267
Zionist Action Group (GSC) 250
Zivalj, Huso 141
Zouaydi, Muhammad Galeb Kalaje 241, 255
Zubayr, Dr. Muhammad 189
Zubayr Philanthropic Foundation 152
View PDF Sample Chapter

Shari'ah-compliant short selling, HubDoha Bank, News from the Central Bank of Bahrain

The Central Bank of Bahrain executive director Abdul Rahman Al
from ihiBlog by Blake Goud, IHI Executive Director

• The Central Bank of Bahrain executive director Abdul Rahman Al Baker discussed the possibility that the Arboon contract could be used to mimic a short sale for use by hedge fund managers.
• He also suggested the possibility of using a Salam sale in a similar way. The Arboon contract is used by Shari'ah Capital's hedge fund platform.
• The use of Shari'ah-compliant short selling is still controversial as many people have not been provided with more of a description of the Shari'ah principles which allow short-selling through the arboon contract.
• Shari'ah Capital will release a Q&A on their technique shortly, according to Chief Shari'ah Officer Sheikh Yusuf DeLorenzo in response to a question at the recent Islamic Finance in North America conference in New York.
• The Times newspaper discusses the slowdown of sukuk issuance during the subprime crisis.
• The article contains two glaring errors. First, it describes Islamic finance as being based on the idea that there is no time value of money. There is still the recognition of a time value of money in Islamic economics, it is just that a fixed compensation for the time value of money loaned (typically included in an interest rate along with compensation for the opportunity cost of the money) is not present.

For example,

• a sale on the spot market of a widget could occur at price $x (the cost of the good).
• If the buyer wanted to defer payment for 1 month, the seller could require that the buyer pay in 1 month at price x*(1+m), where m is a markup (the profit rate).
• This profit rate would reflect the time value of money, but would be profit on a sale, not interest on a monetary loan.
• Second, the article disputes that sukuk are no different from conventional bonds, and instead draw Western interest only because "there is an element of fashion that is flirting with novelty".
• As the working paper released by the IMF describes, sukuk do behave differently than sukuk.
• A Swedish bank is operating an 'interest-free' loan program.....
• .... Islamic finance research fuelling growth, sukuk & a seminar on Islamic banking in Malta- Dr. Nazim Ali, director of the Islamic Finance Project at Harvard University, discusses the growth of the Islamic finance industry, in particular the role that researchers play in its development. Ex
  
• ING in Malaysia, IIFF on regulatory issues in conventional systems, Shari'ah constraints in the U.S.- ING Investment Management, an investment manager affiliated with ING Group, plans on making Malaysia the center of its Shari'ah-compliant fund business.
• The International Islamic Finance Forum (IIFF)
• Takaful, Saudi development funding, Dubai's growth- Takaful is growing rapidly in Malaysia and the chief executive officer of Takaful Nasional Sdn Bhd expects to have a 20 percent share of the insurance sector by 2010 (currently takaful has a 6.1 perce
  Sep 27, 2007
• GCC surpasses Malaysia in sukuk, Islamic finance brain drain- The Wall Street Journal will team up with the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) to have one day of DIFCweek devoted to Islamic finance called "Islamic and Ethical Finance".The Gulf region ha Sep 26, 2007
• Islamic banking in the West- The Islamic Bank of Britain today announced a halal business loan program in Bolton. While the loans will all be halal, they will be available to entrepreneurs of all faiths.
• External Shari'ah auditors licenced in Bahrain, Dutch Islamic banking- The Shariyah Review Bureau was granted a licence by the Central Bank of Bahrain. The organization is an external Shari'ah auditor.
• Canadian Islamic banking applications- Two unidentified companies have applied to the Canadian banking regulators asking to be allowed to open Islamic banks in the country and four more groups may be contemplating applications.
• The IMF Survey Magazine devotes the 'IMF Research' section to Islamic banking and finance. • Islamic Banking Makes Headway• Malaysia: An Islamic Capital Market HubDoha Bank, a Qatari bank
  
  Sukuk and Kenyan Islamic banking- Standard & Poor's estimates that there is $80 billion in sukuk outstanding worldwide as of June 30, 2007.
• As the banking and finance industry grows in Kenya, so does the Islamic banking industr
  
• New products, new IFSB members, new Islamic finance in Europe- CIMB Islamic will begin offering a new Shari'ah-compliant deposit account that provides the profit in advance using a commodity murabaha tawarruq.Bank Islamic Malaysia Bhd (BIMB) signed an agreement
• Thailand sovereign sukuk, GCC financial centers and Islamic hedge funds- Thailand could issue its first sovereign sukuk in 2008.The Economist has a description of the growth of the GCC region financial centers in Bahrain, UAE and Qatar.Shari'ah Capital, a New Canaan, Conne
  
  African Development Center, Prospect editor on Islamic finance- The African Development Center receives positive press in African-focused paper Mshale: "One of ADC’s most notable achievements is the tailoring of loans to be Sharia-compliant to make them attractive
• Offshoring beneficial or detrimental to Islamic finance image in the West?- Barclay's, with the assistance of Shariah Capital, is launching Islamic hedge funds, which provide investors with exposure to "six or seven long-short hedge funds". Given the Shari'ah problems likely
• Islamic finance growing rapidly, other news- Islamic finance continues to grow rapidly. Thailand hosts conference to attract firms in the halal market to the country. This, and other conferences, are listed on the IHI conference listing page.
• Christian business practices similar to Islamic business practices, Islamic finance can help with social development- Islamic microfinance could be very profitable, as well as successful in reducing poverty according to a speaker at a conference in Bahrain. The Islamic Development Bank wants to "standardise and regu
• Thailand and Islamic microfinance in Sri Lanka- Islamic finance receiving attention in Thailand and the Islamic Bank of Thailand wants to lead the way in financing the halal food industry.Muslim Aid and Amana Investments launched their Islamic micr
• Islamic banks in Indonesia- Although Indonesia has the largest number of Muslims of any country in the world, the Islamic finance industry is very underdeveloped, representing less than 5 percent of total deposits.

Ambitious growth projections, regulatory challenges and the domestic vs. global divide in Malaysia- As sukuk issuance breaks previous records, the Financial Times reporter Farhan Bokhari discusses the future prospects for growth of the Islamic finance industry as a whole. Islamic hedge funds, Malaysia & newspaper supplements in China- An interesting take on the possibility of Islamic hedge funds. One issue though is to determine whether hedge funds attaching the 'Islamic' label are "using markets wisely" and not "speculate, play p

Body's projects growth of Asian-originated sukuk, INCEIF conference- The issuance of sukuk originating in Asia should grow significantly over the next few years as sukuk begin to flow from India, Indonesia, Pakistan and Singapore, Moody's describes in a recent report.

Islamic banking in India- Standard Chartered Bank approached the Reserve Bank of India, India's central bank, to get approval to open an Islamic bank.Total sukuk issuance year to date is now $82.2 billion as of the end of July

Islamic banking enters Syria- The first Islamic bank recently opened in Syria. The Cham Islamic Bank opened in Damascus with $100 million in starting capital.

Shari'ah-compliant index in Doha, Islamic banking in Pakistan, Malaysia- The Doha (Qatar) Securities Market has a new index tracking the Shari'ah-compliant securities listed on the exchange. The index is created by the Doha Investment House and is called the 'Investment H

Indian Islamic finance, African retakaful & British Islamic home financing- India may see Islamic banks allowed soon.A the Cote D'Ivoire offices of Nigeria-based reinsurance company, Africa Reinsurance Corporation, is increasing its authorized share capital to fund a re-takaf

Islamic banking, sukuk tax changes hailed, IF education scholarship fund- A good article by the Assistant Editor of CFR.org, the website of the Council of Foreign Relations about the growth of Islamic banking.The British organization the Tax Incentivised Saving Association

The NEFA Foundation has Translated an Audio Statement made by
Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, the “Amir al-Mumineen”(“Leader of the Faithful”) of Al-Qaida’s “Islamic State of Iraq” on September 14, 2007. This can be considered a Pre-Ramadan message to the troops

• The reason it is relevant for Africa, is so that we may see what al Qaeda is trying to establish world wide, and are actively pursuing on military fronts.
• Africa, If Al Qaeda tries to use your local dispute by turning it into an international Jihad, as they have done in Iraq, with the Shabaab and MYM in Somalia, The Mujaheddin in Sudan, and AQIM in Algeria and Morocco- Then the current state of as described by their leader is what can be expected...

the Shimron Letters acknowledge that we have omitted clear attempts at propaganda, and perceived attempts a deception, or the communication of action plans to other cells. The few places we have added text for clarification have all been clearly italicized. Bullet points have been added for clarity as well.

You can Read the Full translated Document @ The NEFA Foundation

-Shimron Issachar

"...Take care not to… waste your opportunity because of a political agenda or secretive agreements with the occupiers and his agents, because if you do so, you will be part of those who have decided to remain behind and disappoint.”

• “Nation of Islam: presently, the jihadi project in Mesopotamia is facing a fierce attack by those who have decided to betray us. These people have a history of being agents and traitors. Every time a region awakens from its deep sleep, they make sure to attack back and eliminate its nascent awakening.
• They implement their agenda in the name of our religion and under the
  guise of preserving the interests of the Muslims. Both our local and international enemies benefit from these internal battles and use them to implement their own plans. We shall be frank with you no matter how bitter the truth sounds.
• Our nation should realize that the Muslim Brotherhood in Mesopotamia under the leadership of the Islamic Party is engaged nowadays in
  the ugliest campaign to bury the signs of Islam in Iraq, especially in the field of jihad.
• The Kurds are trying hard to establish their Kurdish state and the hateful apostates are trying to spread their control across the country, especially in the central and southern parts.
• Simultaneously, we are witnessing the Moslem Brotherhood under the leadership of the [Sunni] Accordance Front working hard to assist the occupation while ignoring the blood and resources spent in our battle.
• Additionally, they persistently request that the occupation should continue until the military and security apparatus of the apostate state in Iraq is fully and completely established.”
• They continue down their path by disregarding the sacrifices made by the dignified Sunni people.
• They declared war against the jihad and the mujahideen and were enthusiastic in establishing the Anbar [Salvation] Council.
• Moreover, [Name Deleted by Shimron] of the Accordance Front attended one of the [Salvation Council] meetings led by the despicable criminal
  al-Rishawi.
• Shaykh al-Dulaimi even went on to congratulate al-Rishawi on the success of his venture. By contrast, Shaykh al-Dulaimi—this man of Shariah—has never even once offered a compliment to a suicide bomber who has blown himself up at an American military base or sacrificed himself for the stolen honor of those held in prisons—especially Abu Ghraib prison.”
• “In addition, the same brothers from [the Anbar Salvation Council] proudly established the Diyala Support Center, or Council, that was used to strike at the mujahideen and to reveal their weaknesses across Iraq.
• Assisting them in their war were armed factions from the Muslim
  Brotherhood led by Hamas in Iraq and JAAMI [the Iraqi Islamic Resistance Front].
• These groups worked hard to uncover the concealed weapons of the Mujaheddin and finally stood side-by-side with the occupiers and fought us while wearing their civilian outfits that carry a special identification mark for the occupiers to identify them with.
• These various factions were even complimented by the American commander in Baquba [Colonel David] Sutherland, who said ‘the
  1920 Revolution Brigades are the actual guardians in Baquba, they are mostly leading the march to fight the terrorists and we trust them and their commanders deeply and we shall work on incorporating them into the police and Iraqi army.’ These 1920 Revolution Brigades are, in fact,
  units from Hamas in Iraq or similar groups that previously used other names.
• In addition, the 1920 Revolution Brigades have been very active in the districts of Abu Ghraib and Zuba and have worked closely with the Americans and the apostate National Guard.
• Their actions were noted more than once by leaders from the Association of Muslim Scholars, who frequently cautioned them about the deceptions of the Americans and asked those involved to join the resistance
  against the occupiers. However, they desired not to do so.”
  
• The following is a list of crimes [committed
  by insurgent traitors]:”
  “1.) Broadcasting false propaganda against the Islamic State—from questioning the faith of its soldiers to finally backstabbing them.”
  “2.) Mobilizing some of the tribal Shaykhs against their mujahideen sons and justifying their actions based upon erroneous claims and by pointing out some of the actual mistakes committed by the mujahideen. Needless to say, these mistakes happen on every battlefield, even back
  during the era of the Prophet Mohammed.”
  “3.) Establishing councils of treachery and betrayal across the cities of Iraq while providing support for them with political and Shariah principles. Also, inviting the public to join these councils and abandon their religion.”
  “4.) Legitimizing the institutions of the apostate [Iraqi] government by actively participating in them, from the infidel parliament and local municipal councils to their despicable crime of approving the secular constitution for the apostate state.”
  “5.) Aiding the occupiers and their government by putting constant pressure on Arab states to open embassies in Iraq and to support the peace process (i.e. the willingness of Saudi Arabia to open a new embassy in Baghdad).”
  “6.) Extending the period of occupation by convincing the American administration that there soon will be a coming victory and an end to the armed conflict—and also by spreading fear amongst members of the American administration regarding the consequences of an early
  withdrawal and the impact of a mujahideen takeover.”
  “7.) Ignoring all of the sacrifices of the Sunni people, especially the ones made by the mujahideen.
• “8.) Their continuing proclamations that the dangers posed by the Islamic State are greater than those posed by the Americans and apostates.”
  “9.) Being officially and directly involved in fighting both specifically the Islamic State and the mujahideen in general and implementing it by joining the Iraqi police and army forces, including in Baquba and Anbar.
• “10.) They have misrepresented themselves in the media. Not just merely expressing their public disapproval with our war—as Hamas and its sister armed factions have done—in reality, they were engaged in a fierce, multi-faceted war targeting us (the mujahideen). Several fighting brigades
  have joined this phony project and falsely presented themselves as Salafi organizations.
• Those who are attempting to bring down the young Muslim
  nation in Mesopotamia
• We shall continue to launch strikes upon them until their satanic
  leader consents to the conversion of any Yazidi to Islam… The world has witnessed our actions—
• “Others who had previously claimed to be neutral also have attacked the Muslims. An excellent example of this is the degenerate crusader country of Sweden,
• We are witnessing every single villain attacking us—from the worshippers of the cross all the way to the worshippers of the cows—we are witnessing
  our blood and honor being taken away.
• We are being stabbed in the back every time we try to stand up tall and fight to regain the price of our ancestors.
• We say now, to all of you—slaves of the cross and material possessions—that we are a nation blessed by Islam.
• You will learn how to kneel down in humiliation. You will learn how to officially apologize for your crime against our Prophet Mohammed.
• We know how best to force you to back down and apologize for your
  actions.

(About Sweden)

• We reserve the right to punish those who committed the crime.[of posting a cartoon of their prophet]
• If you do not apologize,then your industrial giants will be attacked. Companies such as Ericsson, Scandia, Volvo, Ikea, Electrolux, and others will be legitimate targets. You have been warned…
• [“People of Mesopotamia: I realize that many of you were victims of a major disinformation campaign led by those who failed us filled with promises of peaceful living.
• As a result, many young men were tempted to join the campaign and became employed as agents and traitors for this government while buried under endless titles.
• This is a call for awakening and assistance…We have become aware that many of these young men have since realized the lie that they are
  serving under and wish to beg for forgiveness.

O’ brothers, realize that working with the devil while forsaking your religion… shall bring hard times and miseries upon you. I promise you that hiding behind strong fortresses and driving armored vehicles… will not stop us from reaching you because Allah is on our side and you will certainly realize that the moment that we cut your head off…”

• Bush also added [in a recent speech] regarding the soldiers of
  the Islamic State in Mesopotamia that ‘they are seeking the return of the Caliphate from Spain to Indonesia’… Frankly, this has been the result of only a fraction of our actual capabilities because of the negative impact on our operations caused by agents and traitors.”
• Seek death and spread fear amongst the enemies of Allah and continue along on your path to Paradise… The greatest reward goes to those who fight the enemies of Allah… especially during the nights of Ramadan.”
  “ So do not miss this opportunity to declare jihad during the best month of the year…

Read the Full Document @ The NEFA Foundation

Here is A Great supporting commentary by Douglas Farah.

Direct Aid Interational - African Muslim Assocation's Role in Jihad

E-Prism Just wrote an excellent Occasional Paper on slamist NGOs. In it, they use the African Muslim Association as an example of theWhat Follows are the highlights:
.
..It should be noted that the term Jihad encompasses a wider range of meanings than just militant holy war. Its relevance to the subject of relief and development stems from its general meaning of "striving" or "struggling". According to this worldview, the Zakat—a duty every Muslim must pay—can be rightfully spent on some kinds of Jihad including: military preparedness or defense; propagation of Islam; payment of salaries to religious teachers and to others, who impart other knowledge on which the people's progress and prosperity depends; and, for bringing about improvements in matters of faith and state.

• Islamic community development projects go hand in hand with Da'wah and Islamization projects.
• Rural poor in Africa are the main target for Da'wah and Islamization projects.
• The primary missionary feature of the Da'wah in Africa has been the training of Muslim teachers, leaders, imams, and legal experts, alongside building of mosques and of schools attached to them.
• Since the 1970s, future imams and youth leaders have become increasingly involved with the Islamic NGOs after an initial training in Africa.
• Then, they have been sent by these NGOs for further education abroad in Islamic institutions, universities, and advanced seminaries.
• Finally, they bring back to their countriesa version of Islam that has been emphasized by these NGOs-Which leads to local African radicalization.
• The Countires most involved in Funding these activitiues are Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates
  

Kuwait-based African Muslim Agency (AMA), which is one of the most active Islamic NGOs in the whole of the African continent, and probably the only Arab NGO whose activities have been exclusively devoted to sub-Saharan Africa.

• Founded in 1981 as the Malawi Muslim Agency (Lajnat Muslimi Malawi), focusing its activity in Malawi.
• Later, when it expanded its scope of activity throughout sub-Saharan Africa, it changed its name to the African Muslim Agency
• It change its name again in 1999 to Direct Aid International (Jami’ayyat al-'Awn al-Mubashir). As for now, it is still called the African Muslim Agency and in some cases it is presented as a branch of the Direct Aid International.
• AMA has three general websites: http://www.direct-aid.org/ http://www.labaik-africa.org/index.php and the website of the AMA branch in the Republic of South Africa: http://www.africamuslimsagency.co.za/.

The founder and head of the AMA is Abd al-Rahman Hamoud al-Sumait, who was born in Kuwait in 1947.

• His Education and acocmplishiments are many. An analysis of his Boaard memberships and founding member organizations over the years demonstrate that he is a pioneer of the Islmic NOG movement.
• What seemed to ignite his passion was AMA's ground research, which discovered that millions of Sub-Saharan African Muslims do not know much about Islam, and worse still, their children tend to convert to Christianity.
• Al-Sumait regarded the phenomenon of the conversion to Christianity as the greatest challenge confronting the Muslims in general and Africans in particular.
• Thus, his main aim was to do his best to struggle against this conversion, especially by aiding the local population with relief projects, hoping that these might cause the local population to convert to Islam, and by propagation of “true Islam,” i.e., Salafism or Wahhabism, among the local population.
• Al-Sumait underlined the strategy that must be taken by AMA in its activity in Africa in an article titled "The Relief Propagation Organizations (Direct Aid International – African Muslim Agency)" ("al-Mu’asasat al-Khayriyyah al-Da’wiyyah": Jam'iyyat al-'Awn al-Mubashir – Lajnat Muslimi Ifriqya"),

When AMA began its relief and Da'wah work in Malawi, the work was limited to building some mosque, digging some wells, and giving some aid to the local population.

• Later on, when AMA widened its scope of activities to other countries in Africa, al-Sumait became aware of the challenges confronting the Muslims in Africa.
• He came then, to the conclusion that in order to strengthen the Islamic identity of the African Muslims and societies, the Da'wah needed here should be much more comprehensive than its literal meaning and should include first of all development projects—such as building schools, orphanages, center for women's training, computer centers—in order to raise their standard of living.
• These projects, in turn, will support the propagation of Islam in a specific area, "saving" its peoples from "entry into hell", if they happen to convert to Christianity.
• Therefore, AMA's Da'wah programs have targeted entire tribes and groups and not individuals.
• However, the Da'wah strategy in use has been different from area to area and thus, had to be adjusted to the special conditions prevailing among the Muslims or the local African tribes dwelling in specific areas.

This strategy is based on three basic assumptions.

1. In the African countries with Muslim majority the aim is to support and strengthen the Islamic religious life of these people.
2. In African countries with Muslim minorities the aim of the Da'wah is the same, in addition to the provision of Islamic high school and academic education in those countries or abroad.
3. Yet, in pagan or Christian African societies, the Da'wah strategy is somewhat different and its aim is to convert these people to Islam through launching relief and Da'wah projects.

One strategys is the instigation of civil wars, in which each party has a foreign ally. These civil wars have been prevalent throughout Africa. In order to resolve these conflicts and to strengthen the Muslims.

The AMA is active in 33 African Countries. Here are some highlights:

• In Niger, which is ranked by the UN as the second poorest nation in the world, AMA is also active, especially following the premature end of the rainy season and the big locust invasion that hit the country in 2004.
• As a result, the fields of sorghum and millet were decimated and the sparse pasture which the nomads rely on to feed their cattle disappeared, triggering a major food crisis affecting millions of people.
• AMA has organized an annual Free Eye Care Week. It has also bought and distributed food to the rural population, accompanied by active preaching. It has provided loans for traders and scholarships for students.
• Thousands of copies of the Qur’an have been distributed free of charge in primary schools and the headmasters have even been asked to encourage their pupils to attend Islamic classes on the days when they do not have to go to school.
• AMA, just like other Islamic NGOs active in the country, does not aid Christians. If Christians wish to receive help, they would have to convert to Islam.
• Thus, a number of Christians have converted to Islam. For example, two church officials went on pilgrimage to Mecca since they had been promised material help from Muslims.
• In Zimbabwe, only an estimated one percent of the population is Muslim, according to the International Religious Freedom Report from 2005. Yet, this number is expected to grow since AMA has had increased success in preaching the word of Islam among the majority Black indigenous population, in part because of its relief projects in rural areas, where the government has difficulty to reach.
• Some chiefs and elders in the rural areas have converted from Christianity to Islam.
• In Mozambique, Muslims number between 17.8% and 20% of the population, or around four million people, although some Muslim clerics claim that a much larger number of the population is Muslim. Whatever the truth is, Islam is growing in the country. This growth is mainly due to the intensive activity of AMA.
• As a result of the AMA activities, dozens and even hundreds of people have converted to Islam in Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Zambia (where it has been involved in building and running of schools, hospitals, orphanages and mosques),
• They haved active Projets in Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, the Central African Republic, Togo, Rwanda, Senegal, Ethiopia, Gambia, Sierra Leone, Madagascar, Malawi, and other African countries
  
  See the excellent full 12 page report at the Global Research in International Affairs (GLORIA) Center THE PROJECT FOR THE RESEARCH OF ISLAMIST MOVEMENTS (PRISM) AFRICAN OCCASIONAL PAPERS. GLORIA is part of the Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, ISRAEL Volume 1 (2007), Number 2 (July 2007)